EFEITOS DO ESTRESSE NO PERÍODO GESTACIONAL EM DIFERENTES MODELOS EXPERIMENTAIS: UMA REVISÃO DA LITERATURA
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.13037/rbcs.vol12n41.2333Keywords:
estresse, roedores, período pré-natal, vida adultaAbstract
Introdução: A exposição a eventos estressantes durante o desenvolvimento pré-natal pode induzir a alterações duradouras em diversos sistemas.
Objetivo: Avaliar, através de uma revisão da literatura, os efeitos do estresse pré-natal em modelos experimentais sobre as repercussões geradas na vida adulta em diferentes sistemas.
Materiais e Métodos: Foi pesquisada a base de dados Medline/Pubmed, selecionando artigos originais em que foi realizado estresse pré-natal por contenção em roedores, publicados nos últimos dez anos, no idioma inglês, onde as palavras-chave deviam constar no título ou resumo: prenatal stress (estresse pré-natal), programming (programação) e pregnancy (gravidez), além de suas combinações.
Resultados: A maioria dos estudos realizados foi em ratos (91%), sendo que 56% utilizaram machos e fêmeas, 35% utilizaram somente machos e 9% somente fêmeas. Em relação ao estresse, 65% realizaram três vezes ao dia e 62% utilizaram 45 minutos, enquanto outros estudos variaram de 30 minutos até 6 horas. Em 72% dos estudos o estresse foi realizado na última semana da prenhez. No entanto, 40 % dos estudos mostram que os efeitos do estresse pré-natal foram sobre o desenvolvimento ou alteração de alguma estrutura no SNC, tais como, diminuição da proliferação celular e mudanças na expressão de proteínas no hipocampo, alterações de atividades enzimáticas no hipotálamo, etc.
Conclusão: Os resultados indicam que o estresse pré-natal provoca alterações permanentes em diversos sistemas, principalmente no SNC, nos mecanismos de regulação de comportamentos e da memória. O período gestacional parece ser importante na definição dessas alterações, assim como as diferentes respostas entre machos e fêmeas.
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